摘要 :
In 2001 The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) initiated monthly forecasts for mean river flows in the coming three months. The forecasts are presented as specified probabilities that the flows will be in ...
展开
In 2001 The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) initiated monthly forecasts for mean river flows in the coming three months. The forecasts are presented as specified probabilities that the flows will be in the lower, middle or upper discharge terciles for a given region. An evaluation of forecast skill for a small data set comprising the first 26 months of monthly forecasts indicates that flow forecasts with highest probability have a 50% chance of being correct. This is an improvement over the 33% success rate expected from random chance, but still not very helpful for practical decision making. On the other hand, there was an 80% chance of a correct prediction that the least probable outcome would not happen, which should be of practical value if confirmed from analysis of the complete prediction record to date.
收起
摘要 :
Although not labeled as such, the three research centers presented in this article have been performing translational computer science (TCS) for more than 20 years. SBA Research, Software Competence Center Hagenberg, and VRVis Zen...
展开
Although not labeled as such, the three research centers presented in this article have been performing translational computer science (TCS) for more than 20 years. SBA Research, Software Competence Center Hagenberg, and VRVis Zentrum fuer Virtual Reality und Visualisierung, all funded by the Austrian COMET Competence Centers for Excellent Technologies program, each selected one science–industry partnership to exemplify how they do TCS in their day-to-day work. We show how the COMET funding program provides a framework for establishing long-term research relationships with industry, thus facilitating TCS: research done by the COMET centers is directly put in the practical context of the industry partners, and successes and failures are immediately reported back. This constant feedback loop positively impacts the know-how at the involved companies, while allowing the computer scientists to continuously test, improve, and publish their research based on real-world scenarios.
收起
摘要 :
Introduction: The ethics of human research and regulation have greatly evolved over the past 50 years. Balancing general welfare and individual rights have become the backbone of ethical regulations. The principles of respect for ...
展开
Introduction: The ethics of human research and regulation have greatly evolved over the past 50 years. Balancing general welfare and individual rights have become the backbone of ethical regulations. The principles of respect for persons, justice, beneficence and informed consent are the guidelines to protect the independence of human subjects in research activities. Methods: Regulations and guidance from W.H.O., UNESCO, CIOMS, ICH-GCP. W.M.A., U.S.A., U.K., EU, and Canada were compared. This research focused on producing future initiatives in regulations and guidance for improving the quality of research. Results: The resulting initiatives for future improvements include: 1. Simplification of regulations, 2. Improvement in communication and engagement with all concerned parties, 3. Removing unnecessary barriers to producing evidence about safety and efficacy 4. To harmonize ethical regulations in research and minimize the inequalities between countries throughout the world with the help of the W.H.O, 5. To remove concerns by making clear and solid regulations in the areas of genetic and stem cell research, and gender equality, 6. To respect the cultural variation of native, aboriginal people worldwide, 7. To enhance the attention to research regulation ethics, governance and consultation for improvement in future.
收起
摘要 :
The Seventh Framework is the largest and toughest of the EU''s research programmes. But the European Commission is keen to get smaller companies working on its research projects
摘要 :
Background: Positive associations between medication adherence and beneficial outcomes primarily come from studying filling/consumption behaviors after therapy initiation. Few studies have focused on what happens before initiation...
展开
Background: Positive associations between medication adherence and beneficial outcomes primarily come from studying filling/consumption behaviors after therapy initiation. Few studies have focused on what happens before initiation, the point from prescribing to dispensing of an initial prescription. Objective: Our objective was to provide guidance and encourage high-quality research on the relationship between beneficial outcomes and initial medication adherence (liVIA), the rate initially prescribed medication is dispensed. Methods: Using generic adherence terms, an international research panel identified IMA publications from 1966 to 2014. 'their data sources were classified as to whether the primary source reflected the perspective of a prescriber, patient, or pharmacist or a combined perspective. Terminology and methodological differences were documented among core (essential elements of presented and unpresented prescribing events and claimed and unclaimed dispensing events regardless of setting), supplemental (refined for accuracy), and contextual (setting specific) design parameters. Recommendations were made to encourage and guide future research. Results: The 45 1MA studies identified used multiple terms for 1MA and operationalized measurements differently. Primary data sources reflecting a prescriber's and pharmacist's perspective potentially misclassified core parameters more often with shorter/nonexistent pre- and postperiods (1-14 days) than did a combined perspective. Only a few studies addressed supplemental issues, and minimal contextual information was provided. Conclusions: General recommendations are to use IMA as the standard nomenclature, rigorously identify all data sources, and delineate all design parameters. Specific methodological recommendations include providing convincing evidence that initial prescribing and dispensing events are identified, supplemental parameters incorporating perspective and substitution biases are addressed, and contextual parameters are included. Copyright (C) 2015, International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc.
收起
摘要 :
The success of collaborative research ventures depends on many factors, including the ability of the project manager, the commitment of the organisation to the project and the industrial culture in which managers and engineers ope...
展开
The success of collaborative research ventures depends on many factors, including the ability of the project manager, the commitment of the organisation to the project and the industrial culture in which managers and engineers operate. The author looks at some typical projects and how the management of the project works. It is found that the success of a project depends crucially on the calibre of the overall project manager.
收起
摘要 :
Technological innovation starts with pure research and ends with product design. It is commonly called 'research and development', or just 'R&D'. This jargon obscures a relatively complex process which is not widely understood and, consequently, R&D is frequently mismanaged. The article describes a structure for technological innovation which provides a basis for its proper management....
展开
Technological innovation starts with pure research and ends with product design. It is commonly called 'research and development', or just 'R&D'. This jargon obscures a relatively complex process which is not widely understood and, consequently, R&D is frequently mismanaged. The article describes a structure for technological innovation which provides a basis for its proper management.
收起
摘要 :
For U.S. research universities, cluster hiring has become a popular means to add faculty members in university-defined priority fields. The expectation of advocates is that these faculty members will collaborate on high-impact res...
展开
For U.S. research universities, cluster hiring has become a popular means to add faculty members in university-defined priority fields. The expectation of advocates is that these faculty members will collaborate on high-impact research. Utilizing a national sample of 168 cluster-hire faculty members from eight U.S. research universities, we find statistically significant gains in research output, collaborations, and research impact from pre- to post-hire. However, these gains are not distributed equally. Some output and impact measures show greater gains for white and Asian researchers relative to under-represented minorities and for men relative to women. Significant gains in research output are associated with fields like advanced materials and health sciences for which generous external support is available. Significant research impact is associated with researchers located in wealthy, prestigious universities. The findings indicate that cluster hiring is no cure-all for fields that are disadvantaged in the competition for external funding or for non-elite universities that are disadvantaged in the competition for prestige.
收起
摘要 :
A central tenet in support of research reproducibility is the ability to uniquely identify research resources, i.e., reagents, tools, and materials that are used to perform experiments. However, current reporting practices for res...
展开
A central tenet in support of research reproducibility is the ability to uniquely identify research resources, i.e., reagents, tools, and materials that are used to perform experiments. However, current reporting practices for research resources are insufficient to identify the exact resources that are reported or to answer basic questions such as How did other studies use resource X? To address this issue, the Resource Identification Initiative was launched as a pilot project to improve the reporting standards for research resources in the Methods sections of articles and thereby improve identifiability and scientific reproducibility. The pilot engaged over 25 biomedical journal editors from most major publishers, as well as scientists and funding officials. Authors were asked to include Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs) in their articles prior to publication for three resource types: antibodies, model organisms, and tools (i.e., software and databases). RRIDs are assigned by an authoritative database, for example, a model organism database for each type of resource. To make it easier for authors to obtain RRIDs, resources were aggregated from the appropriate databases and their RRIDs made available in a central Web portal (). RRIDs meet three key criteria: they are machine-readable, free to generate and access, and are consistent across publishers and journals. The pilot was launched in February of 2014 and over 300 articles have appeared that report RRIDs. The number of journals participating has expanded from the original 25 to more than 40, with RRIDs appearing in 62 different journals to date. Here we present an overview of the pilot project and its outcomes to date. We show that authors are able to identify resources and are supportive of the goals of the project. Identifiability of the resources post-pilot showed a dramatic improvement for all three resource types, suggesting that the project has had a significant impact on identifiability of research resources. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:8-22, 2016. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
收起
摘要 :
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify the experiences of insomnia symptoms in the elderly living alone in the community. Methods Eleven of the elderly with insomnia symptoms living alone in the community were interview...
展开
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify the experiences of insomnia symptoms in the elderly living alone in the community. Methods Eleven of the elderly with insomnia symptoms living alone in the community were interviewed.Data were collected through individual interviews July-September 2018.Colaizzi’s phenomenological methodology was used. Results Results showed that the experiences of insomnia symptoms of the elderly living alone comprised 11 themes clusters and five categories: 1) Insomnia symptoms triggered by various causes,2) Physical symptoms exacerbated by insomnia,3) Insomnia worsened by psychological symptoms,4) Useless efforts to fix insomnia,5) Living with adapted insomnia symptoms. Conclusion It is necessary to develop a sleep intervention program that includes insomnia symptoms awareness,sleep health education,and social support factors.Community nurses should focus on insomnia symptoms as well as listen and empathize with various psychological phenomena in caring for the elderly with insomnia living alone.
收起
原文获取